Oil burner



Feb. 24, 1942. s. ZIEGLER- 2,274,573

I OIL BUfiNEg I Filed April 11 21939 Fig.1 v

I a E r 5 lnventor:

Patented Feb. 24, 19 42 UNITED- STATE s PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Serge Ziegler, Berlin, Germany Application April t In German 11. 1939. stun No. 267,356 y December 22, 1933 The present invention relates to oil burners The flame is, however, often extinguished when a the whole plant is set into operation especially if waste oils containing tar are used for heating in the burners. In any case, if the atomised airfuel mixture is influenced by external drafts and tightly connected to the mouth of the burner. Means, such as guiding blades, are arranged within the outlet opening of the annular chamber surrounding the atomiser, for producing a swirling motion in the air, a constriction being formed in front of said swirling means by conically reducing the cross-section of the annular chamber whereby'an even or regular distribution of v the air through the channels formed by the blades is effected and a central flame is produced within the burner extension. This effect is enhanced if the supplementary combustion air is fed to the upper part of the annular chamber at opposite sides thereof. This result is achieved by forming the common feed pipe with curved branches which enter the annular chamber at opposite points thereof.

Advantageously the outer conical part of the annular chamber constituting the constriction,

acts as the carrier for the extension that is adjacentto it and is detachablysecured thereto. This aifordsia practical form of the apparatus in whichthe fuel oil is completelyburned in a comparatively short distance of travel. The apparatus is such therefore that it maybe easily fitted to an already existing water heater which originally was intended to burn coke.

In. order toensure that the mixture emerging from the burner into the burner extension shall ignite, an electric ignition device is disposed immediately at the lower edge of the burner extension and preferably. with electrodes set back into the fire-clay lining of the said extension. The electric ignition device is therefore constructed after the manner of a hollow igniting plug in which an even stream of air flows from a branch extending from a point in front of the constriction of the burner extension. When the apparatus is set into operation, igniting oil is sprayed into the air stream. The inflammable mixture thus obtained ignites at the electrodes of the electricignition device and in turn ignites in the burner extension the fuel-air mixture issuing from the burner.

One embodiment of the invention is shown by way of example in the drawing, in which Figure 1 is a sectional view of an oil burner according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view corresponding to Figure Fig. 3 is a detail plan view of the member H.

The supplementary air enters the dome 2 of the air chamber of the. burner through the feed pipe I and through two curved pipes I, I" branching therefrom. In the air chamber there is inserted from above the tapered nozzle atomizer 3 which is fed with oil and atomising medium and projects into the adjoining constriction chamber 4. The constriction chamber is closed by a funnel member decreasing in diameter in a downward direction the lower part of which forms the outlet opening of the air chamber 2 and houses helically directed guiding blades I4. The inclination of the conical funnel member is greater than the inclination of the downwardly narrowing portion 3 of the atomiser 3 so that the circular chamber between them narrows downwardly. The outlet end of the nozzle por-.

' tion 3 is located adjacent the outlet end of the sion an electrical ignition device 8, 9 and I0 is provided. The electrodes of the said electric ignition device are set back into the flre-claylining of the part 6 of the burner extension, such lining being shown hatched in the drawing. An even stream of air flows through the electric ignition device which is formed as a sparking plug, such stream of air being obtained from the dome 2 of the air chamber by means of a branch .1, thus providing an even stream of air also over the electrodes. When the ignition device i set into operation, igniting oil is sprayed through,

' into the fuel atomising device through pipe l2,

l3. Owing to the super-pressure in chamber 2, the air is forced through tube 1 into the cham- .ber 8. Fuel is injected into the tube 1 or fuel is drawn by suction into said tube as by injector action. A portion of the chamber 8 at the right hand lower end is somewhat reduced in width, and the spark gap is located at this end. The chamber 8', has a considerably larger diameter than the tube 1, and owing to this increase of the diameter, the mixture for ignition is thoroughly agitated and whirled about. But where the spark gap .is located, the outlet 8 fromflthe chamber is again reduced in width, thereby inducing acceleration. The flame, therefore, is thrown with high or at least suflicient velocity into the path of the gas mixture, leaving the conical chamber 5, 6. The chamber 8 has an outlet near the right hand lower end. This outlet is permanently open.

What I claimend desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a fuel oil burner, in combination an atomizer, means to deliver fuel and atomizing medium into said atomizer, an annular chamber around said atomizer and comprising an upper dome-shaped part and a lower conically tapering part having its end of lesser diameter serving as the outlet end, the outlet end of the atomizer :being located adjacent the outlet end of said tapering part, means to supply combustion air under pressure into said dome-shaped part, a conically diverging burner extension whose end of lesser diameter is coupled to said outlet end of said lower tapering part, means for separately delivering a portion of the air from said domeshaped chamber part directly into the path of the fuel and air as the fuel and air leave the larger end of said conically diverging extension and means for passing ignition fuel into said delivering means for delivery with said portion of the air, and means at the place of delivery of said portion of air and ignition fuel for igniting the same. i

2. In a fuel oil burner, in combination an atomizer, means to deliver fuel and atomizing medium into said atomizer, an annular chamber. around said atomizer and comprising an upper dome-shaped part and a lower conically tapering part having its end of lesser diameterserving as the outlet end, the outlet end of the atomizer being located adjacent the outlet end of said tapering part, means to supply combustion air under pressure into said dome-shaped part a conically diverging burner extension whose end of lesser diameter is coupled to said outlet end parting a swirling motion to the air as it leaves said lower conically tapering part and enters said conically diverging burner extension.

3. A fuel oil burner, comprising in combination, a dome-like chamber having an outlet end, an atomizing nozzle passing through said chamber and projecting beyond said outlet end, the projecting portion of said nozzle being tapered to reduce the diameter of the outlet end of the'75 same, a hollow body of frusto-conical form having its end of greater diameter registering with said outlet end-of the dome-like chamber and having its end of lesser diameter surrounding said tapered end of the nozzle adjacent the outlet end thereof,- a second frusto-conical hollow body whose end of lesser diameter registers with the end of lesser diameter of the first mentioned frusto-conical body and having a. discharge 10 mouth, means at said mouth for passing combined ignition fuel and air into the mixture adjacent said mouth and igniting the same, and

means to supply air to said dome-like chamber.

4. A fuel oil burner, comprising in combination, a dome-like chamber having an outlet end,

to reduce the diameter of the outlet end of the same, a hollow body of frusto-conical form having its end of greater diameter registering with said outlet end of the dome-like chamber and having its end of lesser diameter surrounding said tapered end of the nozzle adjacent the out let end thereof, a second frusto-conical hollow body whose end of lesser diameter registers with the end of lesser diameter'of the first mentioned frusto-conical body and having a discharge mouth, and means at said mouthfor passing combined ignition fuel and air into the mixture adjacent said mouth and igniting the same, said last named means comprising a hollow body having a discharge opening of reduced area, a duct of small diameter relative to that of said last ing for igniting the ignition fuel as it issues from said last named hollow body.

5. A fuel oil burner, comprising in combination, a dome-'like chamber having an outlet end, an atomizing nozzle passing through said chamber and projecting beyond said outlet end, the projecting portion of said nozzle being tapered to reduce the diameter of the outlet end of the same, a hollow body of frusto-conical form having its end of greater diameter registering with said outlet end of the dome-like chamber and having its end of lesser diameter surrounding said tapered end of the nozzle adjacent the outlet end thereof, a secondfrusto-conical hollow body whose end of lesser diameter registers with the end of lesser diameter ofthe first mentioned frusto-conical body and 'having a discharge mouth, means at said mouth for passing combined ignition fuel and air into the mixture adjacent said mouth and igniting the same, means to supply air to said dome-like chamber, and a conical shell-like member having internal in clined guide vanes located in said frusto-conicalhollow bodies across the place where their ends of lesser diameter join to impart a swirling action to the air issuing from the first mentioned frustoof said lower tapering part, and means for im- 6. A fuel oil burner, comprising in combination, a dome-like chamber having an outlet end,

means to supply air to said dome-like chamber, an atomizing nozzle passing through said chamber and projecting beyond said outlet end, the projecting portion of said nozzle being tapered to reduce the diameter of the outlet end of the same, a hollow body of frusto-conical form having its end of greater diameter registering with said outlet end of the dome-like chamber and having its end of lesser diameter surrounding said tapered end of the nozzle adjacent the outlet end thereof, a second frusto-conical hollow body whose end of lesser diameter registers with the end of lesser diameter of the first mentioned frusto-conical body and having a discharge mouth, means at said mouth for passing combined ignition fuel and air into the mixture adjamember havingintemal inclined guide'vanes located in said frusto-conical hollow bodies across the place where their ends of lesser diameter join to impart a swirling action to the air cent said mouth and igniting the same, like issuing from the first mentioned frusto-conical body into the second mentioned frusto-conical body and around the discharge end of said nozzle.

7. A fuel oil burner, comprising in combination, a dome-like chamber having an outlet end, ,an atomizing nozzle passing through said chamher and projecting beyond said outlet end, the

projecting portion of said nozzle being tapered to reduce the diameter of the outlet end of the same, a hollow body of frusto-conical form having a supply of air from said dome-like chamber outside of the burner proper to said igniting means to cool the same.

8. In a fuel oil burner, an air chamber, a fuel and atomizing medium delivering nozzle surrounded by said air chamber having a reduced outlet end adjacent and surrounding the outlet end of said nozzle and spaced therefrom, an outwardly flared burner extension connected at its smaller end to said reduced outlet end and into which said nozzle delivers the fuel and into which auxiliary air from said air chamber is delivered,- means to deliver air at two distinctly opposite points into said air chamber, an ignition device located adjacent the outer end of said burner extension, and a duct to conduct air from said air chamber outside the burner proper to said ignition device to cool the same.

and atomizing medium delivering nozzle sure rounded by said air chamber having a reduced outlet end adjacent and surrounding the outlet end of said nozzle and spaced therefrom, an outwardly flared burner extension connected at its smaller end to said reduced ,outlet end and into which said nozzle delivers the fuel and into which auxiliary air from said air chamber is delivered, means to deliver air at two distinctly opposite points into said air chamber, an ignition device located adjacent the outer end'of said burner extension, a duct to conduct air from said air chamber outside the burner proper to said ignition device to cool the same, and means to pass igniting fuel into said duct.

SERGE ZIEGLER. 

